James D. Watson, whose co-discovery of the twisted-ladder structure of DNA in 1953 helped light the long fuse on a revolution in medicine, crimefighting, genealogy and ethics, has died, according to his former research lab. He was 97.

1953年，他与他东说念主共同发现了DNA的双螺旋结构，犹如烽火了一条漫长的导火索，最终激勉了一场席卷医学、违纪有观看、谱系学与伦理学范围的创新。据其曾任职的询查机构晓谕，这位科学行家已于近日澌灭，享年97岁。

The breakthrough — made when the brash, Chicago-born Watson was just 24 — turned him into a hallowed figure in the world of science for decades. But later in life, he faced condemnation and professional censure for offensive remarks.

这项打破性发现成就时，这位出身于芝加哥、时年24岁、自信斗胆的沃森，从此成为科学界数十年来的殿堂级东说念主物。可是，在其晚年，他却因发表失当言论而遭到公论申斥和学术界的禁止。

Watson shared a 1962 Nobel Prize with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins for discovering that deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a double helix, consisting of two strands that coil around each other to create what resembles a long, gently twisting ladder.

沃森与弗朗西斯·克里克、莫里斯·威尔金斯共同因发现脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的双螺旋结构而共享了1962年的诺贝尔奖。该结构由两条相互缠绕的链组成，形似一架漫长而柔软扭转的梯子。

In 2014, he became the first living prizewinner to auction off their medal, though the purchaser returned the award to him several months later.

2014年，他成为首位拍卖其诺贝尔奖章的仍活着的获奖者，不外数月后，奖章的购买者又将奖章奉赵给了他。

The breakthrough discovery suggested how hereditary information is stored and how cells duplicate their DNA when they divide. The duplication begins with the two strands of DNA pulling apart like a zipper. Even among non-scientists, the double helix would become an instantly recognized symbol of science, showing up in such places as the work of Salvador Dali and a British postage stamp.

这项打破性发现揭示了遗传信息何如存储，以及细胞在永诀时何如复制其DNA。复制经过始于两条DNA链像拉链雷同分开。即使在非科学界东说念主士中，双螺旋结构也飞速成为科学的标志性符号，出当今萨尔瓦多·达利的作品和英国邮票等各处。

The findings, based on data from Wilkins, Rosalind Franklin and other colleagues at King's College London, were a "pivotal moment in the life sciences," said the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Long Island.

阐述来自伦敦国王学院的莫里斯·威尔金斯、罗莎琳德·富兰克林相当他共事的数据所得出的这些发现，被长岛的冷泉港现实室称为"人命科学范围的要道时刻"。

Watson spent much of his career at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, becoming its director in 1968 and focusing the facility's research on DNA viruses that cause cancer. Watson, his wife and their two children lived on the laboratory's grounds for decades.

沃森劳动生存的大部分时候在冷泉港现实室渡过，于1968年景为其主任，并将该机构的询查要点逼近于导致癌症的DNA病毒。沃森与太太及他们的两个孩子数十年来一直居住在现实室园区内。

"Watson's extraordinary contributions to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory during his long tenure transformed a small, but important laboratory on the North Shore of Long Island into one of the world's leading research institutes," the institution said.

该机构暗示："沃森在其永久任职时代对冷泉港现实室作念出了不凡孝顺，将长岛北岸这个虽小但伏击的现实室转机为了宇宙朝上的询查机构之一。"

Watson continued to make scientific discoveries. While at Cambridge in England, he carried out pioneering research on the structure of small viruses, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory said.

冷泉港现实室指出，沃森握续获得科学发现。在英格兰剑桥大学时代，他对微恙毒结构进行了创始性询查。

He also helped demonstrate the existence of mRNA in his lab at Harvard University in partnership with researchers at Cambridge, and later discovered important bacterial proteins that control gene expression, the laboratory said. He also wrote influential textbooks and a best-selling memoir, mentored young scientists and guided the early years of the Human Genome Project.

他还与剑桥大学的询查东说念主员调解，在哈佛大学的现实室匡助认知了mRNA的存在，并自后发现了为止基因抒发的伏击细菌卵白。他还撰写了具有影响力的教科书和畅销回忆录，指点年青科学家，并指点了东说念主类基因组筹画的早期责任。

Watson gained unwelcome attention in 2007, when London's Sunday Times Magazine quoted him as saying he was "inherently gloomy about the prospect of Africa" because "all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours — where all the testing says not really." He said that while he hopes everyone is equal, "people who have to deal with black employees find this is not true."

沃森在2007年因失当言论而受到平凡护理。其时伦敦的《日曜日泰晤士报杂志》援用他的话说，他"对非洲的远景深感悲不雅"，因为"咱们扫数的社会战术王人基于他们的材干涉咱们接洽这一事实——而扫数测试王人标明并非如斯"。他还说，尽管他但愿东说念主东说念主对等，但"必须与黑东说念主雇员打交说念的东说念主发现事实并非如斯。"

Watson apologized for the remarks after international uproar and was suspended from his job as chancellor of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and retired a week later.

在海外社会一派哗然后，沃森为此言论说念歉，随后被暂停了其冷泉港现实室名誉主任的职务，并在一周后退休。

In a television documentary that aired in early 2019, Watson was asked if his views had changed. "No, not at all," he said. In response, the Cold Spring Harbor lab revoked several honorary titles it had given Watson, saying his statements were "reprehensible" and "unsupported by science."

在2019年头播出的一部电视记录片中，沃森被问及他的不雅点是否有所调动。他回答："莫得，鼓胀莫得。"看成回话，冷泉港现实室拔除了曾授予沃森的多少荣誉头衔，称其言论"应受申斥"且"穷乏科学依据"。

Watson's combination of scientific achievement and controversial remarks created a complicated legacy.

沃森将科学成就与争议性言论集于寂寞，留住了一份复杂的遗产。

He has shown "a regrettable tendency toward inflammatory and offensive remarks, especially late in his career," Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, said in 2019. "His outbursts, particularly when they reflected on race, were both profoundly misguided and deeply hurtful. I only wish that Jim's views on society and humanity could have matched his brilliant scientific insights."

好意思国国立卫生询查院主任弗朗西斯·柯林斯博士在2019年暗示："他弘扬出一种令东说念主缺憾的、倾向于发表挑动性和冒犯性言论的倾向，尤其是在其劳动生存晚期。他的过激言论，尤其是触及种族问题的言论，既严重失实又极具伤害性。我只但愿吉姆对社会和东说念主性的主见能与他出奇的科学瞻念察力相匹配。"

Watson's DNA discovery helped open the door to more recent developments such as tinkering with the genetic makeup of living things, treating disease by inserting genes into patients, identifying human remains and criminal suspects from DNA samples and tracing family trees. But it has also raised a host of ethical questions, such as whether we should be altering the body's blueprint for cosmetic reasons or in a way that is transmitted to a person's offspring.

沃森的DNA发现为后续诸多进展翻开了大门，举例：修订生物体的基因组成、通过向患者插入基因来养息疾病、从DNA样本中识别东说念主类遗骸和违纪嫌疑东说念主，以及纪念家支。但这也激勉了一系列伦理问题，举例咱们是否应该为了好意思容瞎想或以可遗传给后代的款式调动东说念主体的基因蓝图。

"Francis Crick and I made the discovery of the century, that was pretty clear," Watson once said. He later wrote: "There was no way we could have foreseen the explosive impact of the double helix on science and society."

"弗朗西斯·克里克和我作念出了本世纪的发现，这少许很清爽，"沃森曾言。他自后写说念："咱们其时根柢无法料思双螺旋结构对科学和社会产生的爆炸性影响。"

声明：本文节译自CBS新闻网，仅供学习参考开yun体育网，不代表本东说念主不雅点。